Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphism as a risk factor for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Khalaf, Fatma A.; Ibrahim, Hatem R.; Bedair, Hanan M.; Allam, Maha M.; Elshormilisy, Amr A.; Ali, Samia T.; Gaber, Waseem M.

doi:10.1186/s43042-019-0018-1

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Table 1 Comparison between control, DM without vascular complications, and DM with vascular complications groups regarding demographic and clinical data

From: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphism as a risk factor for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Parameters	Control (n = 181)	DM without VCs (n = 117)	DM with VCs (n = 83)	P value
Age (year)
Median (IQR)	46 (11)	48 (10)	49 (11)	0.089 ^{NS, 1}
Range (min–max)	34–59	37–61	38–66	0.089 ^{NS, 1}
Gender [n (%)]
Male	137 (75.7)	84 (71.8)	61 (73.5)	0.750 ^{NS, 2}
Female	44 (24.3)	33 (28.2)	22 (26.5)	0.750 ^{NS, 2}
Smoking [n (%)]
No	148 (81.8)	88 (75.2)	59 (71.1)	0.123 ^{NS, 2}
Yes	33 (18.2)	29 (24.8)	24 (28.9)	0.123 ^{NS, 2}
Dyslipidemia [n (%)]
Absent	–	5 (4.3)	1 (1.2)	0.014 ^{S, 2}
Present	–	112 (95.7) _{a, b}	82 (98.8) _b	0.014 ^{S, 2}
Hypertension [n (%)]
Absent	–	18 (15.4)	11 (13.3)	0.287 ^{NS, 2}
Present	–	99 (84.6)	72 (86.7)	0.287 ^{NS, 2}
Duration of DM (year)
Median (IQR)	–	3.6 (2.05)	3.8 (2.9)	0.539 ^{NS, 3}
Range (min–max)	–	1.6–6.80	1.2–7.8	0.539 ^{NS, 3}
PAI-1
Median (IQR)	32.0 (16.5)_a	43.0 (19.5)_b	59.0 (23.0) _c	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	16.0–48.0	20.0–66.0	22.0–77.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
TAFI
Median (IQR)	6.5 (2.85) _a	61.0 (38.5) _b	89.0 (58.0) _c	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	1.1–10.4	22.0–112.0	34.0–164.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
d-dimer
Median (IQR)	0.7 (0.5) _a	1.5 (2.0) _b	2.4 (1.9) _c	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	0.3–1.5	0.4–3.5	0.5–4.5	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
BMI (kg/m³)
Median (IQR)	25.5 (2.65)_a	28.3 (5.15) _b	28.1 (5.1) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	22.0–28.4	24.2–37.0	23.7–35.1	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
SBP (mmHg)
Median (IQR)	120.0 (0.00) _a	120.0 (35.0) _b	142.0 (38.0) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	110.0–130.0	110.0–168.0	110.0–170.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
DBP (mmHg)
Median (IQR)	80.0 (0.00) _a	88.0 (15.0) _b	90.0 (15.0) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	70.0–90.0	70.0–112.0	70.0–120.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
FBS (mg/dl)
Median (IQR)	78.0 (8.0) _a	125.0 (26.5) _b	127.0 (40.0) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	70.0–88.0	95.0–186.0	97.0–198.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
2Hr PBS (mg/dl)
Median (IQR)	90.0 (16.0) _a	142.0 (32.0) _b	155.0 (50.0) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	76.0–115.0	102.0–225.0	112.0–227.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
HbA1c (%)
Median (IQR)	4.9 (0.6) _a	7.2 (1.7) _b	7.5 (2.1) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	4.1–5.7	6.0–11.2	6.0–11.8	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
T.C (mg/dl)
Median (IQR)	176.0 (17.0) _a	195.0 (22.0) _b	198.0 (24.0) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	143.0–204.0	153.0–232.0	153.0–240.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Triglycerides (mg/dl)
Median (IQR)	156.0 (24.0) _a	160.0 (27.0) _a	166.0 (36.0) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	126.0–206.0	126.0–210.0	142.0–210.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
LDL (mg/dl)
Median (IQR)	108.6 (16.9) _a	127.2 (22.9) _b	125.6 (27.2) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	68.6–146.8	85.4–165.2	79.6–165.8	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
HDL (mg/dl)
Median (IQR)	36.0 (9.0) _a	33.0 (7.0) _b	38.0 (8.0) _b	< 0.001^{HS, 1}
Range (min–max)	22.0–48.0	22.0–47.0	23.0–48.0	< 0.001^{HS, 1}

DM diabetes mellitus, VCs vascular complications, % percent within group, IQR interquartile range
¹Kruskal-Wallis test; ² Pearson chi Square test; ³ Mann-Whitney test
(_{a, b, c} ): Each subscript letter denotes the groups whose parameter do not differ significantly from each other using multiple pairwise comparisons adjusted by Bonferroni post hoc test at the level of 0.05
NS non-significant at P value ≥ 0.05; S significant at P value < 0.05; HS highly significant at P value < 0.01

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