Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphism as a risk factor for vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Table 2 Comparisons of genotype distribution and allele frequencies of PAI-1 gene polymorphism between healthy control, DM without vascular complications, and DM with vascular complications groups

	Control (n = 181) n(%)	DM without VCs (n = 117) n(%)	DM with VCs (n = 83) n(%)	P value^a	DM without VCS vs. control		DM with VCs vs. control		DM with VCs vs. DM without VCs
	Control (n = 181) n(%)	DM without VCs (n = 117) n(%)	DM with VCs (n = 83) n(%)	P value^a	OR (95% CI)	P value^a	OR (95% CI)	P value^a	OR (95% CI)	P value^a
PAI-1 genotypes
5G/5G	53 (29.3)	29 (24.8)	8 (9.6)		Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
4G/5G	69 (38.1)	48 (41.0)	47 (56.6)	0.007 ^HS	1.27 (0.71–2.28)	0.420^NS	4.51 (1.97–10.36)	< 0.001^HS	3.55 (1.47–8.56)	0.004^HS
4G/4G	59 (32.6)	40 (34.2)	28 (33.7)		1.24 (0.68–2.27)	0.487 ^NS	3.14 (1.32–7.50)	0.008 ^HS	2.54 (1.01–6.37)	0.044 ^S
Dominant model
5G/5G	53 (29.3)	29 (24.8)	8 (9.6)		Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
4G/4G+ 4G/5G	128 (70.7)	88 (75.2)	75 (90.4)	0.002 ^HS	1.26 (0.74–2.13)	0.396 ^NS	3.88 (1.75–8.61)	< 0.001 ^HS	3.09 (1.33–7.16)	0.007 ^HS
Recessive model
5G/5G + 4G/5G	122 (67.4)	77 (65.8)	55 (66.3)	0.957 ^NS	Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
4G/4G	59 (32.6)	40 (34.2)	28 (33.7)		1.07 (0.66–1.76)	0.776 ^NS	1.05 (0.61–1.83)	0.855^NS	0.98 (0.54–1.78)	0.947 ^NS
Alleles
5G	175 (48.3)	106 (45.3)	63 (38.0)		Ref	–	Ref	–	Ref	–
4G	187 (51.7)	128 (54.7)	103(62.0)	0.084 ^NS	1.13 (0.81–1.57)	0.467 ^NS	1.53 (1.05–2.23)	0.026 ^S	1.35 (0.90–2.03)	0.143 ^NS

DM diabetes mellitus, VCs vascular complications, OR (95% CI) odd ratio with 95% confidence interval, % percent of genotype or allele within group
^aPearson Chi-square test; NS non-significant at P value ≥ 0.05; S significant at P value < 0.05; HS highly significant at P value < 0.01