From: Update on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: a review
Gene | Countries/ethnicity/race | Variants | Level of significance | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
TCF7L2 | Mexicans | rs7901695 | P = 2.16 × 10−6 | [93] |
rs7901696 | P < 0.05 | [93] | ||
rs7901697 | P < 0.05 | [93] | ||
rs7901698 | P < 0.05 | [93] | ||
Asians | rs7903146 | P = 0.001 | [94] | |
Scandinavians | rs7903146 | P < 0.05 | [95] | |
Africans | rs7903146 | P = 7.288 × 10−13 | [96] | |
Hispanic/Latinos | rs7903146 | P < 0.05 | [97] | |
Caucasians/Danish | rs7903146 | P = 0.00017 | [98] | |
Caucasian | rs4506565 | P < 0.001 | [99] | |
KCNQ1 | Mexicans | rs2237892 | P = 1.98 × 10−5 | [93] |
rs163184 | P < 0.05 | [93] | ||
rs2237897 | P < 0.05 | [93] | ||
Koreans | rs2074196 | P = 0.039 | [100] | |
rs2237892 | P < 0.05 | [100] | ||
East Asians | rs2074196 | P = 0.039 | [100] | |
rs2237892 | P < 0.05 | [100] | ||
Pakistan | rs2237895 | P < 0.05 | [101] | |
MTNR1B | Mexicans | rs1387153 | P = 0.05358 | [93] |
Asians | rs10830963 | P < 0.001 | [94] | |
Caucasians | rs10830963 | P < 0.001 | [94] | |
Koreans | rs10830962 | P = 2.49 × 10−13 | [102] | |
Danish | rs10830963 | P < 0.05 | [103] | |
rs1387153 | P < 0.05 | [103] | ||
Saudi Arabians | rs1387153 | P < 0.05 | [104] | |
rs10830963 | P < 0.05 | [104] | ||
PPARG | Asians | rs1801282 | P = 0.011 | [94] |
Caucasians | rs1801282 | P < 0.05 | [99] | |
rs3856806 | P < 0.05 | [99] | ||
Caucasians/Danish | rs1801282 | P < 0.05 | [98] | |
CDKAL1 | Koreans | rs7754840 | P = 2.49 × 10−13 | [102] |
Caucasians | rs7756992 | P < 0.05 | [99] | |
Caucasian/Danish | rs7756992 | P = 0.00017 | [98] | |
Iranians | rs7754840 | P < 0.001 | [105] | |
IRS1 | Scandinavians | IRS1 Arg972 | P < 0.05 | [106] |
Americans | Arg972 | P < 0.05 | [107] | |
Saudi Arabians | rs1801278 | P = 0.01 | [108] | |
Austro-Hungarians | rs7578326 | P < 0.05 | [109] | |
HMGA2 | Africans | rs138066904 | P = 2.516 × 10−9 | [96] |
Africa Americans | rs343092 | P < 0.05 | [96] | |
Europeans | rs2258238 | P < 0.05 | [96] | |
IGF2BP2 | Koreans | rs4402960 | P < 0.001 | [110] |
Caucasians/Danish | rs4402960 | P < 0.001 | [111] | |
Chinese | rs4402960 | P < 0.001 | [112] | |
GCKR | Malaysians | rs780094 | P < 0.05 | [113] |
American Caucasians | rs780094 | P < 0.05 | [114] | |
Brazilians | rs780094 | P < 0.05 | [115] | |
FGF21 | Iranians | Over expression of mRNA | P < 0.001 | [116] |
Chinese | Over expression of mRNA | P < 0.001 | [117] | |
Australians | Over expression of mRNA | P < 0.001 | [118] |