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Table 2 Most prevalent gestational diabetes mellitus genes across countries, ethnicity, and race in the world

From: Update on the genetic and epigenetic etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: a review

Gene

Countries/ethnicity/race

Variants

Level of significance

References

TCF7L2

Mexicans

rs7901695

P = 2.16 × 10−6

[93]

rs7901696

P < 0.05

[93]

rs7901697

P < 0.05

[93]

rs7901698

P < 0.05

[93]

Asians

rs7903146

P = 0.001

[94]

Scandinavians

rs7903146

P < 0.05

[95]

Africans

rs7903146

P = 7.288 × 10−13

[96]

Hispanic/Latinos

rs7903146

P < 0.05

[97]

Caucasians/Danish

rs7903146

P = 0.00017

[98]

Caucasian

rs4506565

P < 0.001

[99]

KCNQ1

Mexicans

rs2237892

P = 1.98 × 10−5

[93]

rs163184

P < 0.05

[93]

rs2237897

P < 0.05

[93]

Koreans

rs2074196

P = 0.039

[100]

rs2237892

P < 0.05

[100]

East Asians

rs2074196

P = 0.039

[100]

rs2237892

P < 0.05

[100]

Pakistan

rs2237895

P < 0.05

[101]

MTNR1B

Mexicans

rs1387153

P = 0.05358

[93]

Asians

rs10830963

P < 0.001

[94]

Caucasians

rs10830963

P < 0.001

[94]

Koreans

rs10830962

P = 2.49 × 10−13

[102]

Danish

rs10830963

P < 0.05

[103]

rs1387153

P < 0.05

[103]

Saudi Arabians

rs1387153

P < 0.05

[104]

rs10830963

P < 0.05

[104]

PPARG

Asians

rs1801282

P = 0.011

[94]

Caucasians

rs1801282

P < 0.05

[99]

rs3856806

P < 0.05

[99]

Caucasians/Danish

rs1801282

P < 0.05

[98]

CDKAL1

Koreans

rs7754840

P = 2.49 × 10−13

[102]

Caucasians

rs7756992

P < 0.05

[99]

Caucasian/Danish

rs7756992

P = 0.00017

[98]

Iranians

rs7754840

P < 0.001

[105]

IRS1

Scandinavians

IRS1 Arg972

P < 0.05

[106]

Americans

Arg972

P < 0.05

[107]

Saudi Arabians

rs1801278

P = 0.01

[108]

Austro-Hungarians

rs7578326

P < 0.05

[109]

HMGA2

Africans

rs138066904

P = 2.516 × 10−9

[96]

Africa Americans

rs343092

P < 0.05

[96]

Europeans

rs2258238

P < 0.05

[96]

IGF2BP2

Koreans

rs4402960

P < 0.001

[110]

Caucasians/Danish

rs4402960

P < 0.001

[111]

Chinese

rs4402960

P < 0.001

[112]

GCKR

Malaysians

rs780094

P < 0.05

[113]

American Caucasians

rs780094

P < 0.05

[114]

Brazilians

rs780094

P < 0.05

[115]

FGF21

Iranians

Over expression of mRNA

P < 0.001

[116]

Chinese

Over expression of mRNA

P < 0.001

[117]

Australians

Over expression of mRNA

P < 0.001

[118]