Low iron mitigates viral survival: insights from evolution, genetics, and pandemics—a review of current hypothesis

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Table 1 Clinical presentation of COVID-19 and hyperferritinemia-associated syndromes

Clinical presentation	COVID-19 mild–severe	Hyperferritinemia syndromes
Clinical presentation	COVID-19 mild–severe	MAS	MOD	Still’s disease	Septic shock
Fever	+	+	+	+	+
Fatigue	+	+	+	+	+
Headache	+	+	+	+	+
Rash	+	+	+	+	−
Altered mental status	+	+	+	−	+
Dyspnea	+	+	+	−	+
Sore throat	+	−	−	+	−
Joint pain/swelling	+	−	+	−	−

(+) Present and (−) not present (MAS) macrophage activation syndrome (MOD) multi-organ dysfunction