Low iron mitigates viral survival: insights from evolution, genetics, and pandemics—a review of current hypothesis

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Table 2 Laboratory and clinical abnormalities in COVID-19 and hyperferritinemia-associated syndromes [72]

Laboratory/clinical evaluation	COVID-19 severe	Hyperferritinemia syndromes
Laboratory/clinical evaluation	COVID-19 severe	MAS	MOD	Still’s disease	Septic shock
Hyperferritinemia	+	+	+	+	+
Ferritin range (ng/ml)	+ (300–5000)	+ (> 10000)	+ (300–5000)	+ (> 5000)	+ (300–5000)
Hypercytokemia	+	+	+	+	+
Infection triggered	+	+	+	+	+
Multi-organ involvement	+	+	+	+	+
ARDS	+	+	+	+	+
Low/absent NK activity	+	+	+	+	+
ESR/CRP (high/low)	+	+	+	+	+
Abnormal liver function	+	+	+	+	+

(+) Present and (−) not present (MAS) macrophage activation syndrome (MOD) multi-organ dysfunction