Identification of the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants for possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a computational approach

Sarkar, Bishajit; Alam, Sayka; Rajib, Tiluttoma Khan; Islam, Syed Sajidul; Araf, Yusha; Ullah, Md. Asad

doi:10.1186/s43042-020-00127-8

Table 1 Examples of AD treating agents, their mechanism of treatment, and their current status

From: Identification of the most potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants for possible treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a computational approach

Hypothesis	Treating agents	Mechanism of available treatments	Current status	Remarks	References
Amyloid cascade hypothesis	Plasma exchange with albumin 1 immunoglobulin	Exchange of plasma to remove the amyloid	Phase-III clinical trial	Ongoing research	[8, 9]
	ALZT-OP1a + ALZT-OP1b	Alleviation of amyloid plaque related neuroinflammation	Phase-III clinical trial	Ongoing research
	Elenbecestat	Removal of amyloid by inhibiting Beta-secretase 1	Phase-III clinical trial	Ongoing research
	Solanezumab	Monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid plaque	Failed	Lack of efficacy
	Verubecestat	Removal of amyloid by inhibiting Beta-secretase 1	Failed	Lack of efficacy
	Lanabecestat	Removal of amyloid by inhibiting Beta-secretase 1	Failed	Lack of efficacy
	CAD106	Vaccine-based therapy	Phase-II clinical trial	Ongoing research
	CNP520	Inhibition of Beta-secretase 1	Phase-II clinical trial	Ongoing research
	Crenezumab	Monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid plaque	Ongoing investigation	Ongoing research
	Neflamapimod	Inhibition of inflammatory protein p38α MAPK	Ongoing investigation	Ongoing research
	Aducanumab	Monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid plaque	Phase-III clinical trial	Ongoing research
Oxidative stress hypothesis	Supplementation of Vitamin C and Vitamin E	Antioxidant to neutralize the ROS	Current investigational treatment	Ongoing study	[10, 11]
	Selenium	Antioxidant to neutralize the ROS	Ongoing investigation	Ongoing study
	Curcumin	Antioxidant to neutralize the ROS	Current investigational treatment	Ongoing study
	Ginko biloba	Antioxidant to neutralize the ROS	Current treatment	Most effective among the available treatments
	Ebenone	Antioxidant to neutralize the ROS	Ongoing investigation	Ongoing study
	Estrogen	Antioxidant to neutralize the ROS	Ongoing investigation	Ongoing study
	Colostrinin	Antioxidant to neutralize the ROS	Ongoing investigation	Ongoing study
Cholinergic hypothesis	Tacrine	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase	Current treatment	Approved by FDA	[12]
	Donepezil	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase	Current treatment	Approved by FDA
	Galantamine	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase	Current treatment	Approved by FDA
	Rivastigmine	Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase	Current treatment	Approved by FDA

ROS reactive oxygen species, FDA Food and Drug Administration

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