Table 3 Laboratory and anthropometric parameters of diabetic patients

Duration of diabetes (years)

8.864 ± 3.1

10.87 ± 3.31

15.17 ± 6.

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

Body mass index (kg/m²)

35.18 ± 1.289

37.4 ± 4.3

38.2 ± 4.26

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

0.891

Waist/hip ratio

0.964 ± 0.121

1.27 ± 0.31

1.27 ± 0.31

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

Systolic blood pressure

140.5 ± 8.43

145.7 ± 12.2

140.7 ± 14.3

0.878

0.943

0.970

Diastolic blood pressure

85.6 ± 4.58

99.9 ± 14.3

105.9 ± 14.3

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

0.839

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

216.3 ± 19.9

232.8 ± 25.1

234.8 ± 48.1

˂0.001*

0.128

0.914

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

175.3 ± 31.1

266.4 ± 37.6

285.3 ± 44.6

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

0.800

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

111.1 ± 26.2

114.5 ± 36.4

130.9 ± 37.4

0.093

0.135

0.824

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

36.9 ± 4.87

32.25 ± 1.5

31.25 ± 3.4

˂0.001*

0.055

0.694

FPG (mg/dl)

227.1 ± 16.3

231.9 ± 31.4

265.9 ± 41.3

0.077

0.886

0.289

HbA1c (%)

8.63 ± 1.4

9.59 ± 2.3

10.59 ± 1.5

˂0.001*

0.222

0.447

eGFR (mL/min)

93.37 ± 7.5

76.19 ± 13.2

76.19 ± 13.2

˂0.001*

0.135

0.772

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

1.216 ± 0.27

1.46 ± 0.9

2.36 ± 1.2

0.250

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

UACR (mg/g)

25.7 ± 3.3

183.97 ± 58.1

358.7 ± 94.3

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

 Diet

8 (21.1%)

7 (46.7%)

6 (85.7%)

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

 Oral

8 (21.1%)

7 (46.7%)

5 (71.4%)

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

 Insulin

19 (50%)

9 (60%)

5 (71.4%)

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

 Retinopathy

14 (36.8%)

8 (53.3%)

7 (100%)

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

 Neuropathy

20 (52.6%)

10 (66.7%)

5 (71.4%)

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

 Stroke

6 (15.8%)

8 (53.3%)

6 (85.7%)

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

 CHD

14 (36.8%)

8 (53.3%)

7 (100%)

˂0.001*

˂0.001*

˂0.001*