Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population (N = 100)
From: Decreased vitamin D levels in children with primary mono-symptomatic nocturnal enuresis
Characteristics | Nocturnal enuresis (n = 50) | Control (n = 50) | Test value | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 9.24 ± 2.54 | 9.20 ± 2.51 | 0.351 a | 0.726 |
Weight (kg) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 24.38 ± 4.86 | 25.08 ± 5.11 | 0.702a | 0.484 |
Height (cm) | ||||
Mean ± SD | 122.92 ± 12.23 | 125.40 ± 12.37 | 1.008a | 0.316 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 26 (52.0%) | 27 (54.0%) | 0.040 b | 0.841 |
Female | 24 (48.0%) | 23 (46.0%) | ||
Gestational age | ||||
Full term | 43 (86.0%) | 33 (66.0%) | 5.482 b | 0.019 |
Pre term | 7 (14.0%) | 17 (34.0%) | ||
Birth order | ||||
1st | 13 (26%) | 8 (16%) | 1.598 b | 0.659 |
2nd | 15 (30%) | 16 (32%) | ||
3rd | 15 (30%) | 17 (34%) | ||
4th | 7 (14%) | 9 (18%) | ||
Mother’s education | ||||
Illiterate/read and write | 5 (10.0%) | 6 (12.0%) | 7.15b | 0.30 |
Literate certificate | 4 (8.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | ||
Primary | 13 (26.0%) | 4 (8.0%) | ||
Preparatory | 9 (18.0%) | 13 (26.0%) | ||
Secondary | 13 (26.0%) | 14 (28.0%) | ||
University | 2 (4.0%) | 5 (10.0%) | ||
Postgraduate | 4 (8.0%) | 5 (10.0%) | ||
Father’s education | ||||
Illiterate/read and write | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8.471 b | 0.132 |
Literate certificate | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | ||
Primary | 2 (4.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | ||
Preparatory | 16 (32.0%) | 8 (16.0%) | ||
Secondary | 22 (44.0%) | 19 (38.0%) | ||
University | 10 (20.0%) | 16 (32.0%) | ||
Postgraduate | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | ||
Mother’s work | ||||
Yes | 12 (24.0%) | 15 (30.0%) | 0.456 b | 0.49 |
No | 38 (76.0%) | 35 (70.0%) | ||
Father’s work | ||||
Yes | 42 (84.0%) | 43 (86.0%) | 0.078 b | 0.779 |
No | 8 (16.0%) | 7 (14.0%) | ||
Per-capita income | ||||
Not enough + loan not repaid | 4 (8.0%) | 3 (6.0%) | 4.035 b | 0.401 |
Not enough + big loan | 8 (16.0%) | 5 (10.0%) | ||
Not enough + small loan | 18 (36.0%) | 12 (24.0%) | ||
Enough only | 14 (28.0%) | 21 (42.0%) | ||
Enough and saving | 6 (12.0%) | 9 (18.0%) | ||
Crowding index | ||||
> 4 | 37 (74.0%) | 39 (78.0%) | 0.219 b | 0.640 |
(2–4) | 13 (26.0%) | 11 (22.0%) | ||
< 2 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
Total socioeconomic status | ||||
High | 14 (28%) | 16 (32%) | 0.368 b | 0.83 |
Middle | 25 (50%) | 22 (44%) | ||
Low | 11 (22%) | 12 (24%) |