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Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
Fig. 1 | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Fig. 1

From: Association of OPRM1 with addiction: a review on drug, alcohol and smoking addiction in worldwide population

Fig. 1

Addiction and its related signalling pathway: Long-term exposure, on the other hand, causes the brain to adapt to a certain level of dopamine (DA) that can bind to the dopamine transporter (DAT), which aids in the transit of dopamine back to the nerve terminal. To achieve the same level of enjoyment, greater doses are required. When the PKA signalling pathway is activated via the D1R receptor, FosB is activated, which plays a role in the development and maintenance of addiction. The activation of this cdk5 as well as the activators p35 and DARPP32 causes the protein Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95) to be activated, resulting in a reduction in NMDAR synaptic cluster

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