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Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
Fig. 4 | Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Fig. 4

From: Association of OPRM1 with addiction: a review on drug, alcohol and smoking addiction in worldwide population

Fig. 4

Signalling pathway related to nicotine addiction: Nicotine is a substance contained in tobacco, and most smokers are addicted to nicotine; therefore, they use tobacco on a regular basis. It is an addictive drug that can harm your lungs if you smoke tobacco. The mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) ASN40ASP functional variant has been associated with response to NRT, but the direction of association in different populations has not been consistent. Nicotine also increases the levels of endogenous opioids that bind to mu opioid receptors on GABA interneurons in the VTA

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