Association of OPRM1 with addiction: a review on drug, alcohol and smoking addiction in worldwide population

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Table 3 Association and pathway studies of nicotine/smoking addiction

Population/ethnicity	Nicotine-dependent cases	Genes			Publication
Population/ethnicity	Nicotine-dependent cases	OPRM1	OPRK1	OPRD1	Publication
European	288	√			[22]
Chinese	284	√			[52]
Caucasian	688	√			[22]
Spanish	763	√			[40]
Caucasian + Asian	3313	√			[49]
Caucasian	179	√			[44]
Caucasian	62	√			[50]
UK	633	√			[53]
Netherland	1399	√			[51]
Pennsylvania	44	√			[41]
Caucasian + Asian		√			[2]

This table explains the association and pathway studies of nicotine/smoking addiction in different populations OPRM1, OPRK1 and OPRD1 in different ethnic groups