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Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Table 3 Association and pathway studies of nicotine/smoking addiction

From: Association of OPRM1 with addiction: a review on drug, alcohol and smoking addiction in worldwide population

Population/ethnicity Nicotine-dependent cases Genes Publication
OPRM1 OPRK1 OPRD1
European 288 √    [22]
Chinese 284 √    [52]
Caucasian 688 √    [22]
Spanish 763 √    [40]
Caucasian + Asian 3313 √    [49]
Caucasian 179 √    [44]
Caucasian 62 √    [50]
UK 633 √    [53]
Netherland 1399 √    [51]
Pennsylvania 44 √    [41]
Caucasian + Asian   √    [2]
  1. This table explains the association and pathway studies of nicotine/smoking addiction in different populations OPRM1, OPRK1 and OPRD1 in different ethnic groups
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