Association of OPRM1 with addiction: a review on drug, alcohol and smoking addiction in worldwide population

Hriatpuii, Vanlal; Sema, Hoikhe Priscilla; Vankhuma, Chenkual; Iyer, Mahalaxmi; Subramaniam, Mohana Devi; Rao, Krothapalli R. S. Sambasiva; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil

doi:10.1186/s43042-022-00249-1

Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics

Table 6 Demographic studies in different populations

From: Association of OPRM1 with addiction: a review on drug, alcohol and smoking addiction in worldwide population

S. No	Subject categorized	No. of participants	Age	Age at addiction	Gender		Ethnicity	Marital status				Family history
S. No	Subject categorized	No. of participants	Age	Age at addiction	Male	Female	Ethnicity	M	UM	W	D
1	A118A	–	23–45	19–25	57	31	–					6.56
1	A118G	–	20–28	12–22	12	3	–					17.2
2	15–58	26	15–58		23	33
2	19–46	39	19–46		3	6
3	Control		36.5 years			52%
3	Heroin		45.6 years			23%
4	Control		31.8 years		54.3%
4	Substance dependence		37.9 years		71.2%
5	Control	2324			78%
5	Opioid	2845			56%
6			Below 20–12 20–29: 144 30–39: 54 40–49: 32 Above 50: 8				Ajam-17 Arab-56 Bloush-18 Mixed-48 None-10	89	146	1	14	142
7	Current smoker		Mean age 56.4 ± 14.8
7	Ex-smoker		Mean age 68.5 ± 8.3
8	Male	39.9 ± 14.7						158	108		3
	Female	36.7 ± 14.8						148	176		177
	Male	42.3 ± 12.7						43	22	–	2
	Female	39.6 ± 12.7						58	41	4	3
9	OH dependent		19.6%		94.6%
9	Non-alcohol dependent		41.4%		57.1%

S. No	Subject categorized	Smoking history	Alcohol	Education						Disease history/cause of death/stress related	Employment	References
S. No	Subject categorized	Smoking history	Alcohol	P	HS	S	Dip	U	Doc	Disease history/cause of death/stress related	Employment	References
1	A118A	12.5		50	28.1			12.5	9.3			[54]
1	A118G	20.0		38.7	22.5			16.1	22.5
2	15–58									Alcohol intoxication (n 2), electric shock (n 2), pulmonary emboli (n 1), myocardial infarct (n 17), pneumonia (n 2), sudden death (n 2)		[37]
2	19–46									Heroin overdose
3	Control											[10]
3	Heroin
4	Control											[15]
4	Substance dependence
5	Control											[25]
5	Opioid
6		Current smoker—239 Ex-smoker—11 Never smoke—0		135	71		30				Employed: 82 Unemployed: 116 Student: 31 Master degree: 2 Bachelor degree: 11	[33]
7	Current smoker	Mean age: 23.6 ± 8.0Cigarette consume (per day)—22.3 ± 11.9 Smoking years—32.9 ± 14.3		35.5	64.5					Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular—58.7 Respiratory disease—27.5 Diabetes mellitus—13.8		[52]
7	Ex-smoker	Mean age: 28.3 ± 10.8 Cigarette consume (per day)—19.9 ± 9.9 Smoking years -31.7 ± 12.3		34.9	65.1					Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular—62.3 Respiratory disease—30.8 Diabetes mellitus—6.8
8	Male			44		136		91		Stress at work: 5.85 ± 2.54 Life stress: 4.94 ± 2.17 OH intake g/d: 7.50 ± 8.78 AUD (AUDIT ≥ 8): 10.6		[40]
	Female			63		169		123		Stress at work: 5.39 ± 2.65 Life stress: 5.17 ± 2.29 OH intake g/d: 4.75 ± 6.50 AUD (AUDIT ≥ 8): 7.3
	Male			21		30		17		Stress at work: 6.30 ± 2.62 Life stress: 5.13 ± 2.21 Cigrette intake n/d: 12.9 ± 10.3 Fragestrom score: 3.38 ± 2.96
	Female			30		46		31		Stress at work: 5.90 ± 2.93 Life stress: 6.05 ± 2.44 Cigrette intake n/d: 11.2 ± 8.7 Fragestrom score: 2.89 ± 2.09
9	OH dependent		Age of onset of alcohol problems—35 First hospitalization for alcohol problems (years)— 42.5 Average drinking days per month—16.3 Drinks per drinking day—12.4 Family history of alcohol problems—47.3 History of severe alcohol withdrawal – 22.3	8.7%								[47]
9	Non-alcohol dependent		N/A	N/A

This table explains the demographic studies in different populations
M: married; UM: unmarried; W: widow; D: divorced; P: primary; S: secondary; HS: high school; Dip: diploma; U: university; Doc: doctorate; Fam: family; Frd: friends; Eco: economic

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