From: The potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19
Probiotics | Examples | Mechanism | Beneficial health effects |
---|---|---|---|
Lactobacillus sp | L acidophilus L delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus L casei L cellobiosis L fermentum L curvatus L returi L plantarum L brevis L lactis | Increasing mucin production via Increased expression of MUC 2 | Improved mucosal immune function, mucin secretion, and disease prevention Adhering to human intestinal cells and balancing intestinal microflora mproved lactose digestion and decreased diarrhea |
Bifidibacterium sp. | B bifidum B adolescentis B thermophilum B animalis B infantis B longum | Cytokine production Blocking proinflammatory | Used in treating rotavirus diarrhea, balancing intestinal microflora, and treating viral diarrhea |
Enterococcus sp. | E faecalis E faecium | Prevention of pathogenic strains from adhering to epithelial cells | Decreased duration of acute diarrhea from gastroenteritis |
Streptococcus sp. | S cremoris S salivarius S diaacetylactis S intermedius | Immune modulation by attenuating IL-8 secretion or blocking the degradation of the counter-regulatory factor IκB | Shortening of duration of acute gastroenteritis Prevention and treatment of C difficile diarrhea and traveler’s diarrhea |
Bacillus sp. | B licheniformis B subtilis B polyfermenticus B coagulans B laterosporus B polymyxa B pumilus B clausii B cereus var toyoi | Enhanced antibody production Enhanced phagocytic activity | Used as a prophylactic, and in prevention of GIT infections |
Pediococcus sp. | P acidilactici | Blocking proinflammatory molecules Increasing mucosal immunity | Enhanced immune responses against infectious coccidioidal diseases |