Table 3 Studies outcomes

Chen et al. [32]

2012

Taiwan

BOTMP

√

√

Gross motor function did not improved, however, muscle strength- especially knee flexors at different angular velocities- improved

Poor quality

5 (moderate)

2a (limited)

Home

Isokinetic Dynamometer

√

Ramstrand and Lygnegåd [33]

2012

Sweden

Modified sensory organization test

√

No significant difference was observed between testing occasions for any of the balance measures investigated

Poor quality

2 (low)

2b (limited)

Home

Reactive balance

√

Rhythmic weight shift

√

Rostami et al. [34]

2012

Iran

PMAL

√

√

Improved quantity and quality of UE movements and speed and dexterity via CIMT in VR

Poor quality

6 (moderate)

1b (strong)

Laboratory

BOTM (subset 8)

√

√

Druzibicki et al. [35]

2013

Poland

3D Temporo-spatial and kinematic gait analysis

√

There was no a statically difference between the baseline and post-intervention assessment. At the end of intervention, there was a slight improvement in walking speed in both groups. Improvement in the mean walking speed was not significantly different between the groups. Range of motion decreased slightly in both groups, and the difference between mean amounts of change was not significant. There was significant improvement in maximal range of flexion in the hip joint in the study. It was shown that with a decrease in the mean value of adduction in hip joint, the mean walking speed increased

Poor quality

5 (moderate)

2a (limited)

Chiu et al. [36]

2014

Taiwan

Joint Kinematics

√

Coordination, strength or hand function did not improve, however, hand function according to carers perception improved

Poor quality

7 (high)

1b (strong)

Home

Dynamometer

√

Nine-hole peg test

√

JTTHF

√

Functional Use Survey

√

Gilliaux et al. [37]

2015

Belgium

UE Kinematics

√

Improved UE kinematics and manual dexterity but functional activities and social participation did not improved

Poor quality

5 (moderate)

2a (limited)

Rehabilitation department

BBT

√

QUEST

√

Modified Ashworth Scale

√

Hand-Held dynamometer

√

Abilhand-Kids

√

PEDI

√

√

Life Habits

√

James et al. [38]

2015

Australia

AMPS

√

√

Improvement in ADL motor and processing skills, occupation performance, goal attainment, visual processing and speed and dexterity of the dominant UE, however, impaired UE trended toward improvement

Poor quality

7 (high)

1b (strong)

Home

AHA

√

JTTHF impaired UE

√

JTTHF dominant UE

√

MUUL

√

√

COPM

√

TVPS-3

√

Greeco et al. [39]

2015

Brazil

3D Temporo-spatial and kinematic gait analysis

√

The experimental group had a better performance regarding gait velocity,cadence, gross motor function,independent mobility and motor evoked Potential

Poor quality

5 (moderate)

2a (limited)

Clinic

GMFM

√

PEDI

√

√

Motor evoked potential

√

Zoccolillo et al. [40]

2015

Italy

QUEST

√

QUEST scores significantly improved only after VR intervention, while the Abilhand-­kids scores improved significantly after CT. Quantity of performed movements was three times higher in VGT than in CT. No significant changes in VMI scores occurred in both groups

Poor quality

4 (low)

2a (limited)

Clinic

Abilhand-Kids

√

VMI

√

Cho et al. [41]

2016

Korea

Digital manual muscle tester

√

GMFM (standing) Gait and balance improved significantly in VR treatment training group compared to treadmill training group

Poor quality

6 (moderate)

1b (strong)

Clinic

GMFM

√

PBS

√

Walking

10 MWT (speed)

√

2 MWT (endur)

√

Posturographic measures

√

Acar et al. [42]

2016

Turkey

QUEST

√

Improved UE functions, speed, manual ability and independence level in ADL

Poor quality

6 (moderate)

1b (strong)

Clinic

JTTHF

√

Abilhand-Kids

√

WeeFIM-self-care

√

Ürgen et al. [43]

2016

Turkey

GMFM

√

Both groups had significant improvements in the GMFM and GMPM scores, durations of single leg and tandem standing, and PBS. The intervention group had more significant improvements in the mean duration of the TUG test and number of jumping than the control group. However, When the groups were compared post-intervention, the GMFM, the GMPM and PEDI scores were similar

Poor quality

8 (high)

1b (strong)

Clinic

GMPM

√

Standing duration on flat and soft surfaces with eyes open and eyes closed

√

Single leg standing duration

√

Tandem standing duration

√

Number of jumping on single leg

√

TUG

√

PBS

√

Failing status

PEDI

√

√

Bedair et al. [44]

2016

Egypt

PDMS-2

√

Improved hand skills and visual motor skills of UE

Poor quality

6 (moderate)

1b (strong)

Clinic

Abilhand-Kids

√

Uysal and Baltaci [45]

2016

Turkey

PEDI

√

√

Self-care, mobility, PEDI total, PBS and performance of COPM scores increased in the VR group after intervention. Self-care, mobility and total PEDI increased in the control group as well. However, there was no statistically significant difference found between the groups, except for PBS

Poor quality

5 (moderate)

2a (limited)

Clinic

PBS

√

COPM

√

Tarakci et al. [34]

2016

Turkey

FFRT

√

After the intervention, changes in balance scores and independence level in activities of daily living were significant in both groups. Statistically significant improvements were found in the Wii-based group compared with the control group in all balance tests and total WeeFIM score

Poor quality

4 (low)

2a (limited)

Rehabilitation unit

FSRT

√

TGGT

√

STST

√

Wii Nintendo Fit Balance & Game Scores

√

10 mWT

√

10 sCT

√

WeeFIM

√

Wallard et al. [46]

2017

France

3D full-body kinematic gait analysis

√

Between-group comparison shows significant differences for head, shoulder, elbow, knee and ankle kinematics and GMFM. However, parameters for the thorax, pelvis and hip angles show no significant differences

No significant intragroup differences for the CG were shown in the terms of body kinematics and GMFM.On the other hand, significant differences are shown for intragroup comparison for TG for head, shoulder, elbow, knee and ankle and GMFM

Poor quality

6 (moderate)

1b (strong)

Laboratory

GMFM

√

Lazzari et al. [47]

2017

Brazil

Static balance

Stabilometric evaluation COP "force plate"

√

Statically post-intervention & follow-up effects favoring the experimental group over the control group with regard to the PBS & TUGT & the area of oscillation of COP when standing on force plate

Poor quality

8 (high)

1b (strong)

Lab

Functional balance

PBS

√

Timed up and Go test

√

Gatica Rojas et al. [48]

2017

Chile

Posturographic measures including COP sway area, standard deviation and velocity of COP

√

Wii therapy significantly reduced the COP_sway and SD_AP in the eyes-open condition

In Spastic hemiplegia, however, the effects wane after 2-4 h

Poor quality

6 (moderate)

1b (strong)

Rehabilitation unit

Sajan et al. [49]

2017

India

Static posturography

√

Improved postural control and balance, UE function, visual perceptual skills and functional mobility

Poor quality

7 (high)

1b (strong)

Clinic

PBS

√

BBT

√

QUEST

√

TVPS-3

√

walking speed and distance

√