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Table 4 Top five canonical pathways revealed by ingenuity pathway analysis

From: Pathway analysis of smoking-induced changes in buccal mucosal gene expression

Pathway

p value

− log(p value)

Z score

Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen production at macrophages

0.00124

2.9

− 1.26

Retinol biosynthesis pathways

0.00159

2.7

− 1.3

Thyroid tumor signaling pathways

0.00441

2.3

− 0.81

Insulin signaling pathways

0.00860

2.0

− 2.11

Macrophages/fibroblasts and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis

0.00895

2.0

N/A