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Table 1 Comparison between groups regarding the survey items, and clinical characteristics

From: Influence of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on a sample of Egyptian children with Down syndrome

Variables

All cases (N = 135)

Group I (Training) (N = 33)

Group II (No training) (N = 102)

P value

Gender

(N, %)

Male

66 (48.9%)

24 (72.7%)

42 (41.2%)

#0.002*

Female

69 (51.1%)

9 (27.3%)

60 (58.8%)

 

Height Z score (mean ± SD)

− 1.14 ± 1.47

− 1.28 ± 1.54

− 1.09 ± 1.45

^0.537

Weight Z score (mean ± SD)

− 0.28 ± 1.25

− 0.32 ± 1.13

− 0.27 ± 1.29

^0.856

Head circumference Z score (mean ± SD)

− 1.16 ± 1.34

− 1.20 ± 1.26

− 1.15 ± 1.36

^0.841

Care giver’s gender (N, %)

Mother

108 (80.0%)

32 (97.0%)

76 (74.5%)

#0.005*

Father/others

27 (20.0%)

1 (3.0%)

26 (25.5%)

Care giver’s education (N, %)

Low education

68 (50.4%)

23 (69.7%)

45 (44.1%)

#0.011*

Higher education

67 (49.6%)

10 (30.3%)

57 (55.9%)

Intellectual disability (Care giver’s opinion) (N, %)

No

21 (15.6%)

1 (3.0%)a

20 (19.6%)b

#0.003*

Mild

67 (49.6%)

15 (45.5%)a

52 (51.0%)a

Moderate

34 (25.2%)

9 (27.3%)a

25 (24.5%)a

Severe

13 (9.6%)

8 (24.2%)a

5 (4.9%)b

Comorbidities (N, %)

50 (37.0%)

12 (36.4%)

38 (37.3%)

#0.927

COVID-19 (case) (N, %)

5 (3.7%)

2 (6.1%)

3 (2.9%)

§0.596

COVID-19 (family) (N, %)

4 (3.0%)

2 (6.1%)

2 (2.0%)

§0.251

Sleep disturbances

32 (23.7%)

2 (6.1%)

30 (29.4%)

#0.006*

Cognitive deterioration (N, %)

59 (43.7%)

9 (27.3%)

50 (49.0%)

#0.029*

Communication and other abilities deterioration (N, %)

72 (53.3%)

11 (33.3%)

61 (59.8%)

#0.008*

  1. Bold indicates the level of significance was taken at P value < 0.050
  2. ^Independent t test. #Chi square test. §Fishers Exact test. *Significant (< 0.050). Homogenous groups had the same symbol (a, b) based on post hoc Bonferroni test