Fig. 1

Study flowchart. Main causes of CKD were hypertension (HTN), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), unknown cause (UKN), lupus nephritis (LN), primary glomerulonephritis (1ry GN), chronic pyelonephritis (CPN), obstructive uropathy (ObUro), gouty nephropathy (GoN), and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Hypertension load in CKD patients ranged from G0 (normal BP without any treatment) to G5 (stage 2 hypertension despite multiple antihypertensive therapies). Number of patients within each category is shown as absolute numbers followed by (percent)