Table 2 The general causes of recurrent pregnancy loss and common remedial measures
From: Genetic Counselling: the biomedical bridge between molecular diagnosis and precision treatment
| Â | Reasons | Diagnostic measures | Possible solutions |
|---|---|---|---|
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)–2 or more spontaneous abortions | Uterine Structural Abnormalities | HSG, 2D & 3D Ultrasound, saline infusion | Evidence-based Surgery |
Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome | Blood test of mother for aPL if found positive then test for LA, aCL and b2GP1 | Low dose Aspirin, prophylactic dose of heparin | |
Inherited Thrombophilia | Mutations in Prothrombin, Factor V Leiden, MTHFR gene and Protein C, Protein S deficiency | Treatment with blood thinners | |
Problems with Immune System | Blood test of mother for HLAG, IL15 (in luteal phase), | No specific treatment available | |
Problems with Endocrine System | Blood test of mother for Thyroid hormones, Progesterone, Prolactin, Insulin, AMH, Vit D | Hormone supplementation by drugs | |
Environmental and Lifestyle Problem | TORCH infection panel, chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, listeria infection in mother. Smoking, excessive alcohol, caffeine intake, obesity | Vaccine for Rubella, medicines and healthy lifestyle | |
Male Factors | DNA fragmentation test in semen ejaculate | Dietary and life style change along with antioxidant medication |