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Table 1 Comprehensive list of marker–trait association of T2DM: the studies covering the global population, including India are taken and the significant findings related to the genes of T2DM are listed here

From: Genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian and Global Population: A Review

Nos.

Gene

SNP (P/R)

Risk allele/non-risk allele

OR (95% CI), P value

Population

Type of study

1

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)

1. rs1801282 [4, 24, 53] (P)

C/G [53]

India—1.37 (1.19–1.59), 1.6 × 10−5 [53]

Europeans—1.14 (1.08–1.20), 1.7 * 10–6 [53]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study [53]

    

0.7 (0.50–0.99), 0.046 [24]

Hyderabad [24]

Observational case–control study [24]

   

CC + CG versus GG [4]

0.13 (0.03–0.56), 0.0007 [4]

Sikh Indians (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir [53])

Observational case–control study [53]

  

2. rs11715073 [4] (P)

CC + CG versus GG [4]

0.52 (0.31–0.86), 0. .010 [4]

Sikh Indians (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir [4])

Observational case–control study [4]

  

3. rs2972164 [4] (R)

CC versus CT + TT

1.30 (1.00–1.68), 0. .048 [4]

Sikh Indians (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir [4])

Observational case–control study [4]

2

Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel Subfamily J Member 11 (KCNJ11)

1. rs5219 [27, 53] (R)

T/C

India—1.39 (1.26–1.54), 6.7 * 10–11 [53]

Europeans—1.14 (1.10–1.19), 6.7 * 10–11 [53]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study [53]

    

1.14 (1.10–1.1), 5 * 10–11 [27]

UK [27]

Observational case–control study [27]

  

2. rs5215 [21] (P)

CC

0.42 (0.28–0.62) P-0.0001[21]

South Indian [21]

Observational case–control study [21]

3

Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2)

1. rs7903146 [16, 18, 24, 53,54,55] (R)

T/C

India—1.89 (1.71–2.09), 4.6 * 10–34 [53]

Europeans—1.37 (1.31–1.43),1*10–48 [53]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study [53]

    

1.32 (1.22–1.43),5.3 * 10–13 [16]

Africa [16]

GWAS [16]

    

1.44 (1.17–1.78),2.05–08 [54]

India—Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa [54]

Observational case–control study [54]

    

1.35 (1.19–1.54), 6.1 × 10−6 [18]

Sri Lanka [18]

Observational case–control study [18]

    

1.62 (1.17–2.25), 0.003 [55]

Egypt [55]

Observational case–control study [55]

   

CT

1.99 (1.49–2.64), < 0.001 [24]

Hyderabad [24]

Observational case–control study [24]

   

TT

3.58 (2.09–6.13), < 0.001 [24]

Hyderabad [24]

Observational case–control study [24]

  

2. rs12255372 [54,55,56] (R)

G/T

2.06 (1.45–2.93), < 0.0001 [55]

Egypt [55]

Observational case–control study [55]

    

2.14 (1.01–4.55),0.004 [56]

Mexico [56]

Observational study [56]

    

1.3376, P value-1.46E-06 [54]

India—Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa [54]

Observational case–control study [54]

   

GG

Chi-square-30.73 < .0001[56]

Mexico [56]

Observational study [56]

4

Solute carrier family 30, member 8 (SLC30A8)

1. rs13266634 [18, 19, 53] (R)

C/T

Indians—1.34 (1.20–1.50), 3.4 * 10–7

Europeans—1.12 (1.07–1.16), 5.3 * 10–8 [53]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study

    

1.33 (1.14–1.55), 3.0 × 10−4 [18]

Sri Lanka [18]

Observational case–control study [18]

    

3.24 (1.20–13.39) [19]

Germany [19]

Observational case–control study [19]

5

Haematopoietically expressed homeobox protein (HHEX)

1. rs1111875 [53, 54, 57, 57] (R)

G/A

Indians—1.27 (1.16–1.39), 5.7 * 10–7

Europeans—1.13 (1.09–1.17), 5.7 * 10–10 [53]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study [53]

    

120.82 (17–inf*), < 0.001 [57]

Iran [57]

Observational case–control study [57]

    

1.262, 1.44–05 [54]

India—Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa [54]

Observational case–control study [54]

   

GG

32.32 (13–91), < 0.001 [57]

Iran [57]

Observational case–control study [57]

  

2. rs5015480 [54, 58] (R)

C/T

Chi-square-19.94, 1.55–03 [58]

Korea [58]

GWAS [58]

    

1.2943, 1.83–06 [54]

India—Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa [54]

Observational case–control study [54]

6

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)

1. rs10811661 [53] (R)

T/C

Indians—1.37 (1.18–1.59), 5.1 * 10–5 [53]

Europeans—1.20 (1.14–1.25),7.8 * 10–25 [53]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study [53]

7

Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2)

1. rs4402960 [53] (R)

T/G

Indians—1.20 (1.09–1.33), 2.6 * 10–3

Europeans—1.14 (1.11–1.18), 8.9 * 10–36 [52]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study [53]

8

Cdk5 regulatory associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1)

1. rs10946398 [53] (R)

C/A

Indians—1.18 (1.07–1.32), 1.6 * 10–3

Europeans—1.12 (1.08–1.16), 4.1 * 10–11 [53]

India (Delhi, Pune); Europeans [53]

Observational case–control study [53]

  

2. rs7756992 [24]

GG

1.97 (1.09–3.56), 0.025 [24]

Hyderabad [24]

Observational case–control study [24]

  

3. rs7754840 [59] (R)

GG

1.36 (1.02–1.82), 0.0349 [59]

Han Chinese [59]

Observational case–control study [59]

   

CC

2.03 (1.42–2.89), 9.07 * 10–5 [59]

Han Chinese [59]

Observational case–control study [59]

  

4. rs4712523 [59] (R)

AG

1.38 (1.03–1.84), 0.0291[59]

Han Chinese [59]

Observational case–control study [59]

   

GG

1.97 (1.39–2.81) 1.49 × 10–4 [59]

Han Chinese [59]

Observational case–control study [59]

  

5. rs4712524 [59] (R)

AA

1.42 (1.06–1.90),0.0189 [59]

Han Chinese [59]

Observational case–control study [59]

   

GG

1.85 (1.30–2.62) 5.85 * 10–4 [59]

Han Chinese [59]

Observational case–control study [59]

9

Alkylglycerol Monooxygenase (AGMO)

1. rs73284431 [16] (R)

G /C

1.48 (1.30–1.69), 5.2 * 10–9 [16]

Africa [16]

Observational case–control study [16]

10

Adiponectin, C1Q And Collagen Domain Containing (ADIPOQ)

1. rs182052 [53] (R)

GG

1.23 (1.02–1.48), 0.027 [53]

Sikh Indians (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir [53])

Observational case–control study [53]

  

2. rs7649121 [53] (R)

AA

1.36 (1.03–1.79), 0.029 [53]

Sikh Indians (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir [53])

Observational case–control study [53]

  

3. rs1501299 [47] (R)

GG [47]

2.350 (1.231–4.486), 0.010 [47]

Jordan [47]

Observational study [47]

   

TT [47]

4.774 (1.551–14.693) 0.006 [47]

Jordan [47]

Observational study [p47]

11

Insulin-Degrading Enzyme (IDE)

1. rs1887922 [54] (R)

T/C [54]

1.3423, 5.44–05

India—Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa [54]

Observational case–control study [54]

12

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1)

1. rs1044498 [54] (R)

A/C [54]

1.341,4.24–05 [55]

India—Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa [54]

Observational case–control study [54]

13

Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase (FTO)

1. rs9939609 [54] (R)

T/A [54]

1.2906, 7.38–06 [54]

India—Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Orissa [54]

Observational case–control study [54]

  

2. rs9940128 [26] (R)

AG

1.48 (1.16–1.89), 0.001 [26]

Chennai [26]

Observational case–control study [26]

   

GG

2.04 (1.42–2.94), < 0.0001[26]

Chennai [26]

Observational case–control study [26]

  

3. rs1588413 [26] (R)

CT

1.81 (1.43–2.31), < 0.0001[26]

Chennai [26]

Observational case–control study [26]

   

TT

1.86 (1.18–2.92), 0.007 [26]

Chennai [26]

Observational case–control study [26]

  

4. rs11076023 [26] (P)

AT

0.70 (0.53–0.92), 0.01 [26]

Chennai [26]

Observational case–control study [26]

   

TT

0.64 (0.46–0.89), 0.008 [26]

Chennai [26]

Observational case–control study [26]

14

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2B CDKN2B

1. rs564398 [27] (R)

C/T

1.12,1.2 × 10−7 [27]

UK population [27]

Observational case–control study [27]

15

Solute Carrier Family 16 Member 11 (SLC16A11)

1. rs77086571[27] (R)

C/T

1.29,5.4 × 10−12[27]

UK population [27]

Observational case–control study [27]

16

Dual specificity phosphatase 9 (DUSP9)

1. rs5945326 [19] (R)

 

2.04 (1.14–3.89) [19]

European population [19]

Observational study [19]

17

Kruppel-like factor 14 (KLF14)

1. rs972283 [19] (R)

 

3.45 (1.69–8.38) [19]

European population [19]

Observational study [19]

18

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 (RPS6KA1)

1. rs1002487 [48] (R)

C

2.89–11 [48]

Arab [48]

GWAS [48]

19

Calcium-dependent secretion activator (CADPS)

1. rs487321 [48] (R)

A

2.054–12 [48]

Arab [48]

GWAS [48]

20

Valyl-tRNA synthetase (VARS)

1. rs707927 [48] (R)

G

1.61–09 [48]

Arab [48]

GWAS [48]

21

DExH-Box Helicase 58 (DHX 58)

1. rs12600570 (R) [48] (P)

T

1.48–03 [48]

Arab [48]

GWAS [48]

22

Retinoic acid-inducible gene (STRA6)

1. rs974456 [17] (P)

C/T

0.79 (0.69–0.91), 0.003 [17]

Kerala [17]

Observational case–control study [69]

  

1. rs736118 [17] (P)

G/A

0.81 (0.71–0.93), 0.01 [17]

Kerala [17]

Observational case–control study [69]

  

1. rs4886578 [17] (P)

G/A

0.74 (0.62–0.89), 0.0009 [17]

Kerala [17]

Observational case–control study [17]

23

Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2)

Polymorphism [60] (R)

A

1.44 (1.22–1.70), 1.5 9 10–5 [60]

North Indian [60]

Observational cohort study [60]

  1. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; and P/R, protective/risk