Fig. 4

The two different mTORC1/2 complexes and how autophagy is regulated by them. DEPTOR and PIKK are components shared by mTOR complexes, whereas PRAS40 and RAPTOR are special to mTORC1 and RICTOR and mSIN1 are limited to mTORC2. When mTORC1 phosphorylates the MiT-TFE factors, ATG13 and ULK1, autophagy cannot be positively regulated. Subsequently, Beclin-1, GFAP, and VDAC1 are phosphorylated by mTORC2 to prevent them from also inducing autophagy. The subcellular location of FOXO proteins is altered by mTORC2-mediated phosphorylation, which has a variety of effects on the control of autophagy