Table 1 Enlisted research studies performed by various authors on coronary artery disease (CAD) and its association with the ABCA1 gene and also include tools and techniques performed by them
From: Association of ABCA1 gene with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): an overview
References | Polymorphic variants studied | Primers | Techniques involved | Statistical tools applied in the study | The outcome of the study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[6] | ABCA1/ rs2422493 & rs1800976, rs2230806, rs1883025 | NA | Genotyping, Gene Amplification | Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Pearson χ2 testing. Binary logistic regression analysis | Polymorphic variants in haplotypes play a significant role in CAD |
[1] | ABCA1 | F: 5′-GGG TGG AGG GTA TAG TAG GT-3′ | Genotyping, DNA sequencing | SPSS19.0 software, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, t-test, Mann–Whitney test, Chi-square test, Pearson’s and nonparametric Spearman’s rank correlation test | ABCA1 is associated with inflammatory factors, CRP, IL-1β) and cfDNA/NETs promote pCAD |
R: 5′-AAC AAA TTC CAC TAA TAC CCT TAA CT-3′ | |||||
Seq: 5′-AAC AAA TTC CAC TAA TAC CCT TAA CT-3′ | |||||
[12] | ABCA1/ rs1800976, rs4149313, rs2230806 | NA | Statistical study | Standard Deviation, Shapiro–Wilk test, one-way ANOVA analysis, χ2 test, V.13.0 SPSS | the rs4149313 & rs2230806 variants cause lipid abnormality and may cause CAD, while rs1800976 can develop CAD |
[8] | ABCA1 | (Methylated F: AAT TTT ATT GGT GTT TTT GGT TGT C, methylated R: ATA TCT TAA AAT CCG CGA TCT ACG and (un-methylated F: AAT TTT ATT GGT GTT TTT GGT TGT T, un-methylated R: TAT CTT AAA ATC CAC AAT CTA CAT C) | Epigenetic study | Student t-test, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact tests, binary Logistic regression, SPSS 16 software | DNA methylation of ABCA1 is responsible for the development of CAD but not for the severity of CAD and has no significant association with plasma lipid concentrations |
[11] | ABCA1, APOC3, CETP, APOC1, APOA5, LIPC | NA | Epigenetic study | SPSS package version 21.0, GraphPad Prism 5 Software. T-test analysis and standard deviation were performed | methylation levels of APOC3, CETP, and APOC1 gene promoters were found lower in CAD subjects while APOA5 and LIPC gene promoters were higher in CAD subjects, i.e., DNA methylated genes play a major role in CAD development |
[7] | ABCA1/ rs111292742, rs9282541 | NA | Epigenetic study | Ingenuity Variant Analysis | Variants of the ABCA1 gene are associated with the development of premature CAD |
[14] | ABCA1 / C-565 T (rs2422493) | forward 5’-AAAGACTTCAAGGACCCAGCTT-3’ and reverse 5’-CCTCACA TTCCGAAAGCATTA-3’ | Epigenetic analysis | SPSS | C-565 T (rs2422493) variant of ABCA1 independently & significantly, increase the risk for CAD |
Software, Student’s t-test, chi-square test, or Fisher's exact tests, Multiple binary logistic regression | |||||
[20] | ABCA1 / rs72735008, GALNT2 / rs11620, PPP1R3B/ rs330921, APOA2 / rs6413453, MADD/ rs8027027 | NA | Genetic study | PLINK V.1.07 for minor allele frequencies Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), linkage disequilibrium (LD), SPSS V.20 for normality of the phenotypical & genotypical comparative variables | low HDL-C patterns were observed in Indians and HDL-associated genetic loci to CAD |
ABCA1 | 5′-AAC AAA TTC CAC TAA TAC CCT TAA CT-3′ 5′-biotin-GGG TGG AGG GTA TAG TAG GT-3′ Seq 5′-AAC AAA TTC CAC TAA TAC CCT TAA CT-3′ | Epigenetic study | Shapiro–Wilk test, t-tests, Mann–Whitney’s U-test. Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test. Holm-Bonferroni, Fisher’s exact test, Spearman correlation, Statistical analysis by SPSS 17.0 software & in R statistical computing environment | ABCA1 and ABCG1 DNA hypermethylated genes in EAT showed an association with CAD. Decreased ABCA1 mRNA expression in EAT results in multifocal atherosclerosis | |
ABCG1 locus 1 | 5′-TGA GTT TAG GAG GTT AAG GAG AAA TT-3′ 5′-biotin-CAA ATA AAC CAA CAA CAA AAC AAT AC-3′ Seq 5′-TGA GTT TAG GAG GTT AAG GA-3′ | ||||
ABCG1 locus 2 | 5′-GTA AGG TTT GGG GTT ATT TTA GTG G-3′ 5′-biotin-AAA ACA AAC CCT TAA ATC TCT TTA CAT-3′ Seq 5′-GAG ATT AGG GTT TTT TTT AGATA-3′ |