Table 1 Group of medications with potentiality of autophagy enhancement, not limited to this list
Medication | Target | Potential mechanism |
|---|---|---|
Resveratrol | AMPK, mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase complex | Activation of AMPK, H3K79 methylation, inhibits mTOR; enhances the interaction between mTOR and DEPTOR (DEP-domain containing mTOR-interacting protein) |
Longevinex | PI-3-kinase–Akt pathway | Activation of PI-3-kinase–Akt pathway and enhance expression of mitochondrial Sirt1 and Sirt3 |
Artenimol | Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) | induce MAPK activity; transition metals copper and zinc intracellularly |
Metformin | AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) | Activation of AMPK, inhibits mTOR, S6 kinase and ULK1 phosphorylation |
Velcade | Chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome | reversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome |
Rapamycin | mTOR | mTOR inhibitor |
Sirtuin | FOXO-dependent pathway | Enhance NAD+ production |